TABLE OF CONTENTS

  • Introduction 1
  • Development of the Field of Sleep 2
  • Non – Rapid Eye Movement 4
  • Stage 1 Non – Rapid Eye Movement 4
  • Stage 2 Non – Rapid Eye Movement 5
  • Stage 3 and Stage 4 Non – Rapid Eye Movement 5
  • Rapid Eye Movement (REM) 5
  • Chapter One: What is Insomnia? 7
  • Classifications of Insomnia 8
  • Classification of Chronic Insomnia 9
  • Psychological Insomnia 10
  • Idiopathic Insomnia 10
  • Paradoxical Insomnia 11
  • Sleep Hygiene 12
  • Causes of Insomnia 13
  • Insomnia Caused by Mental Disorder/s 14
  • Insomnia Caused by Medical Condition 14
  • Insomnia Caused by Drugs, Medications, and Other Substances 15
  • Other Causes of Insomnia 16
  • Limit – Setting Disorder 16
  • Short – Term Insomnia Disorder 17
  • Treating Insomnia 18
  • Chapter Two: Sleep – Related Breathing Disorders 21
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (in Adults) 22
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (in Children) 23
  • Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes 24
  • Central Sleep Apnea with Cheyne – Stokes Breathing 24
  • Central Sleep Apnea Caused by High – Altitude Periodic Breathing 25
  • Central Sleep Apnea Caused by Medication Intake 26
  • Primary Central Sleep Apnea (in Infants) 26
  • Primary Central Sleep Apnea in Premature Infants 26
  • Treatment Emergent Central Sleep Apnea 27
  • Sleep – Related Hypoventilation Disorders 27
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome 27
  • Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome 28
  • Late – Onset Central Hypoventilation with Hypothalamic Dysfunction 28
  • Idiopathic Central Alveolar Hypoventilation 29
  • Sleep – Related Hypoventilation Caused by Substance or Medications 29
  • Sleep – Related Hypoventilation Caused by Medical Disorder 29
  • Isolated Symptoms 30
  • Snoring 30
  • Catathrenia 31
  • Chapter Three: Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence & Circadian Rhythm Sleep – Wake Disorders 33
  • Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence 34
  • Narcolepsy Type I 34
  • Causes of Narcolepsy 38
  • Diagnosing Narcolepsy 39
  • Treating Narcolepsy 40
  • Narcolepsy Type II 41
  • Idiopathic Hypersomnia 42
  • Kleine – Levin Syndrome 42
  • Causes of Hypersomnia 43
  • Hypersomnia Caused by Medical Disorders 43
  • Hypersomnia Caused by Substances or Medicine in – Take 43
  • Hypersomnia with Psychiatric Disorder 43
  • Insufficient Sleep Syndrome 44
  • Circadian Rhythm Sleep – Wake Disorders 45
  • Delayed Sleep – Wake Phase Disorder 45
  • Advanced Sleep – Wake Phase Disorder 46
  • Irregular Sleep – Wake Rhythm Disorder 46
  • Non – 24 Hour Sleep – Wake Rhythm Sleep Disorder 47
  • Shift Work Disorder 47
  • Jet Lag Disorder 48
  • Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Not Otherwise Specified 48
  • Chapter Four: Parasomnias 51
  • Disorders of Arousal from Non – Rapid Eye Movement Sleep 52
  • Confusional Arousals 52
  • Sleep Walking 53
  • Sleep Terrors 54
  • Sleep – Related Eating Disorder 54
  • Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis 55
  • Nightmare Disorder 55
  • Other Types of Parasomnias 56
  • Exploding Head Syndrome 56
  • Sleep – Related Hallucinations 57
  • Sleep Enuresis 58
  • Causes of Parasomnias 58
  • Parasomnias Caused by Medical Disorder 58
  • Parasomnias Caused by Medication in – take or Other Substances 59
  • Sleep Talking 59
  • Chapter Five: Sleep – Related Movement Disorders 61
  • Restless Legs Syndrome 62
  • Periodic Limb Movement Disorder 64
  • Sleep – Related Leg Cramps 65
  • Sleep – Related Bruxism 65
  • Sleep – Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder 66
  • Benign Sleep Myoclonus of Infancy 67
  • Propriospinal Myoclonus at Sleep Onset 68
  • Causes of Sleep – Related Movement Disorder 68
  • Sleep – Related Movement Disorder Caused by a Medical Disorder 68
  • Sleep – Related Movement Disorder Caused by a Medication in – Take or Substance 69
  • Isolated Symptoms of Sleep – Related Movement Disorder 69
  • Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus 69
  • Hypnagogic Foot Tremor (HFT) and Alternating Muscle Activation (ALMA) 70
  • Hypnic Jerks or Sleep Starts 70
  • Other Type of Sleeping Disorders 71
  • Environmental Sleep Disorder 71
  • Chapter Six: Alternative Medicine and Herbal Remedies 73
  • Conventional Treatments vs. Unconventional Treatments 74
  • Psychological Treatment 74
  • Pharmacological Treatment 75
  • Limitation in Drug Therapies 76
  • Alternative Therapies 77
  • Herbal Remedies for Sleep Disorders 78
  • Medicinal Herbs as Remedies 80
  • Ginseng 82
  • Kava Kava (Piper methysticum) 83
  • Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata) 84
  • Hops (Humulus lupulus) 85
  • Physiological Alternative Treatments 86
  • Melatonin 86
  • L – Tryptophan and 5 – Hydroxytryptophan 87
  • Other Alternative Approach 88
  • Acupuncture 88
  • Low Energy Emission Therapy (LEET) 89
  • FAQs in taking Herbal Medicines to Treat Sleeping Disorders 90
  • Conclusion 97
  • Chapter Seven: The Future of Sleep Disorder Treatments 99
  • The Future of Conducting Sleep Disorder Treatments 100
  • At – Home Sleep Testing Devices 100
  • Phone Apps and Wearable Technology 102
  • Telehealth 103
  • Further Research about Sleeping Disorders 103
  • Chapter Summary 105
  • Photo Credits 121
  • References 123

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